Common Galaxias

Galaxias maculatus
Common Galaxias - Marinewise © 2025 MarineWise

Quick Facts

Scientific name Galaxias maculatus
Other names Common Jollytail, Eel Gudgeon, Inanga, Lananga, Native Trout, Pulangi, Slippery Tarki, Spotted Minnow, Turket
Size Up to 19 cm (7.4 in)
Weight Under 20 grams

Distribution

Habitat & AU Distribution Fresh, brackish & marine waters in streams, rivers, lakes & estuaries amongst wooden debris & vegetation
Depth Range 0 - 3 m (10 ft)
Common Galaxias Distribution

Interesting Info

  • The Common Galaxias is found throughout Australia, from southern Queensland through New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia, mainly in coastal rivers and estuaries.
  • Its body is semi-transparent and golden-brown with scattered dark spots and flecks along the back and sides — the “maculatus” in its name means “spotted.”
  • Adults feed mainly on insects, crustaceans, and zooplankton, taking food from both the water column and surface.
  • They are strong migrators, capable of moving long distances between estuaries and rivers, and sometimes travelling upstream into small creeks.
  • The species is highly adaptable, living in habitats from tidal estuaries to cool headwater streams, although it depends on open migration routes to complete its life cycle.
  • In Tasmania and New Zealand, the seasonal migration of juveniles is the basis of the whitebait fishery, where swarms of young galaxias are netted for food.
  • Breeding occurs in autumn (March–May), when adults migrate downstream into estuaries and lay eggs in vegetation just above the high-tide line.
  • The eggs remain out of water but damp until the next spring tide, when they hatch as larvae and are washed out to sea.
  • Larvae spend 4–6 months in the ocean before returning to rivers as tiny juveniles, forming seasonal whitebait runs.
  • The lifespan is usually 1–3 years, with most fish breeding once before dying.
Species Interaction

Commercial & Recreational Fishing, Conservation

The Common Galaxias is strongly tied to people through the whitebait fishery, especially in Tasmania and New Zealand, where juveniles returning from the sea are harvested seasonally. It is also a focus of conservation and river restoration projects, because its migrations are easily disrupted by dams and barriers. Protecting it helps keep river–estuary connections healthy for many other species too. They are also a target or catch and release fishing for fly fish anglers.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Osmeriformes

Family: Galaxiidae

Genus: Galaxias

Species: Galaxias maculatus

Conservation Status

The Common Galaxias is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, thanks to its wide global range. However, in Australia it faces local pressures, especially from river barriers, wetland loss, and estuary degradation. Regional management is important to keep its populations healthy and its whitebait runs sustainable.

Fish Taste Quality

Common Galaxias juveniles (whitebait) are eaten in Tasmania and New Zealand, where they are fried or used in fritters. Adults are not usually eaten.

Taste Rating: 3/5

How to catch
Common Galaxias

Catch Difficulty: Intermediate

Tackle: Artificial Rig

Bait: Lures, Insects, Flies

Technique: Cast lures close to structure

Popularity: Targeted

Common Galaxias
As Aquarium Fish

Care Level: Easy to moderate

Temperament: Peaceful

Diet: Omnivore

Reef Compatible: No

Minimum Tank Size: 30 gallons