Rainbow Runner

Elagatis Bipinnulata
Rainbow Runner - Marinewise © 2026 MarineWise

Quick Facts

Scientific name Elagatis Bipinnulata
Other names Hawaiian Salmon, Rainbow Yellowtail, Runner, Spanish Runner
Size Up to 1.8 m (5.9 ft)
Weight Up to 46.2 kg (101.85 lb)

Distribution

Habitat & AU Distribution Coastal & offshore waters near reefs or floating debris
Depth Range 0 - 150 m (500 ft)
Rainbow Runner Distribution

Interesting Info

  • The Rainbow Runner is one of the ocean’s speedsters, named for its dazzling blue, green, and yellow stripes that look like a rainbow racing through the sea.
  • It can grow to an impressive 180 cm (6 ft) and weigh up to 46 kg (101 lb), although most fish are much smaller, between 50–100 cm (1.6–3.3 ft).
  • In Australia, Rainbow Runners are found in warm waters off Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland, extending south into New South Wales, including offshore reefs and islands.
  • Globally, they are circumtropical, ranging through the Indo–Pacific, Atlantic, and eastern Pacific Oceans.
  • Their body is sleek and built for speed, with two narrow blue-green stripes running along bright yellow sides.
  • Rainbow Runners prefer the open ocean and are often seen cruising above reefs, drop-offs, and seamounts in small to large schools.
  • They are incredibly fast swimmers, able to dart in and out of bait schools with lightning speed.
  • Their diet includes small fish, squid, and zooplankton, which they snatch from the water column while swimming.
  • Spawning takes place in offshore waters, with eggs released into the open sea. Juveniles are often found near floating seaweed and debris for shelter.
  • Rainbow Runners can live more than 5 years, though most caught are younger.
  • They are important prey for tuna, marlin, sharks, and other large predators.
  • Divers and snorkellers often encounter them in tropical waters, where their stripes shimmer in the sunlight.
Species Interaction

Recreational & Commercial Fishing, Snorkelling & Diving

Rainbow Runners are a popular sport fish for recreational anglers thanks to their speed, fight, and striking looks. They are often caught on lures and baits near reefs and offshore drop-offs. Commercially, they are caught in tuna and mackerel fisheries, usually as bycatch, and sold fresh or frozen in local markets. For divers and snorkellers, schools of Rainbow Runners streaking through blue water are a breath-taking sight.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Carangiformes

Family: Carangidae

Genus: Elagatis

Species: Elagatis bipinnulata

Conservation Status

The Rainbow Runner is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. It has a broad distribution and remains common, though it is taken as bycatch in large-scale tuna purse-seine fisheries. Because it relies on healthy open-ocean ecosystems, monitoring is important to ensure populations remain stable.

Fish Taste Quality

Rainbow Runner are highly regarded as an eating fish, with firm, pinkish flesh and a clean, mild flavour. They are eaten raw as sashimi in Japan, and also grilled, baked, or fried.

Taste Rating: 4/5

How to catch
Rainbow Runner

Catch Difficulty: Intermediate

Tackle: Patternoster Rig, Running Sinker Rig, Artificial Rig

Bait: Fresh cut flesh baits, Herring, Lures, Pilchards, Prawns, Squid, Soft plastics

Technique: Keep bait close to the reef/structure, Cast bait/jig/lure near schooling fish, Trolling

Popularity: Targeted

Recreational Viewing
- Snorkeling & Scuba

Finding: Intermediate

Temperament: Curious

Location: Inner Reef, Outer Reef, Lagoon

Danger: None