Bass Grouper

Polyprion Americanus
Bass Grouper - Marinewise © 2025 MarineWise

Quick Facts

Scientific name Polyprion Americanus
Other names Bass Groper, Hapuka, Hapuka Cod, Hapuku, Longnose Hapuku, Moeone, Sea Bass, Stone Bass, Wreckfish, Groper
Size Up to 2.1 m (6.88 ft)
Weight Up to 100 kg (220 lb)

Distribution

Habitat & AU Distribution Deepsea amongst rocky areas, reefs & shipwrecks
Depth Range 100–600 m (330–2,000 ft)
Bass Groper Distribution

Interesting Info

  • The Bass Grouper is found worldwide in temperate seas, including southern Australia (from New South Wales to Western Australia, including Tasmania), though it is more common in the Atlantic and Southern Ocean.
  • Its body is robust and bluish-grey, with a darker back and paler belly, often marked with faint blotches that fade as the fish ages.
  • Juveniles are more colourful, with irregular dark bands and spots, helping them camouflage among floating debris and kelp rafts.
  • It prefers deep rocky reefs, continental slopes, and shipwrecks, where adults lurk in caves and crevices.
  • Their diet includes fish, squid, octopus, and crustaceans, which they swallow whole using powerful jaws.
  • They grow slowly and mature late, with females not breeding until 10–12 years old, which makes populations vulnerable to overfishing.
  • Breeding takes place in summer, when adults form spawning aggregations in deep offshore waters.
  • Females release millions of eggs, which hatch into larvae that drift with ocean currents for months.
  • Juveniles are often found under floating kelp or debris far offshore, sometimes thousands of kilometres from land.
  • As they mature, they move to deep reefs (200–600 m / 650–2,000 ft), where they live as ambush predators.
  • The lifespan is exceptionally long: Bass Groupers can live up to 60 years, making them one of the longest-lived marine fishes.
Species Interaction

Commercial & Recreational Fishing, Conservation

The Bass Grouper is highly valued in commercial and recreational fisheries for its size and quality flesh. In Australia, it is managed under strict quotas due to its vulnerability to overfishing. Conservationists study it as a long-lived, late-maturing species that highlights the need for sustainable management of deep-sea fisheries.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Serranidae

Genus: Polyprion

Species: Polyprion Americanus

Conservation Status

The conservation status of the Bass Grouper in Australia is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. However, the species is subject to fishing pressure, both commercially and recreationally, and populations in some areas may be vulnerable to overfishing.

Fish Taste Quality

Bass Grouper are considered an excellent food fish and are highly valued for their firm, white flesh, which has a mild and delicate flavour. The meat of Bass Groupers is low in fat and is rich in protein, making it a healthy and nutritious option.

Taste Rating: 5/5

How to catch
Bass Grouper

Catch Difficulty: Difficult

Tackle: Running Sinker Rig, Artificial Rig, Large circle hook rigged on leader with/without sinker with a crimp sleeve

Bait: Fresh cut flesh baits, Herring, Lures, Bait jig, Octopus, Pilchards, Squid, Soft plastics, Live minnow

Technique: Keep bait on the bottom, Keep bait close to the reef/structure

Popularity: Popular